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Research Article
Physicochemical Investigation of Intermolecular Interactions Utilizing Ultrasonic and Viscometric Techniques in Binary Liquid Mixtures
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
38-57
Received:
31 March 2026
Accepted:
13 April 2026
Published:
29 April 2026
Abstract: Thermophysical properties of binary liquid mixtures comprising isopropyl benzene (cumene) paired with toluene, ethyl benzene, n-propyl benzene, mesitylene, tert-butyl benzene, and biphenyl were experimentally determined at 298.15 K and standard atmospheric pressure. The measured properties included density (ρ), viscosity (η), sound velocity (u), and refractive index (n), this provides valuable insight into the interactions within the mixtures and aids in predicting the behaviour of the chemical systems. In this study, the physical properties of isopropyl benzene (cumene) an important industrial chemical were measured at 298.15 K in binary mixtures with toluene, ethyl benzene, n-propyl benzene, mesitylene, tert-butyl benzene, and biphenyl. Using these experimental data, derived parameters including adiabatic compressibility (βad), free volume (Vf), internal pressure (pi), surface tension (S), acoustic impedance (Z), and enthalpy (H) were evaluated as a function of composition to characterize the molecular interplay within the mixtures. The computed excess thermodynamic properties were utilized to construct novel empirical models. While these proposed models require a greater number of coefficients, they provide a substantially improved fit, yielding significantly lower standard deviations compared to traditional Redlich-Kister polynomial equations. Analysis of the mixtures revealed positive deviations for excess acoustic impedance (ZE), excess surface tension (SE), and excess enthalpy (HE). The results indicated the presence of weak interactions between isopropyl benzene (cumene) and aromatic hydrocarbon molecules, Collectively, these compositional trends suggest the presence of weak to moderate intermolecular forces, driven predominantly by solute-solvent interactions and π-π stacking.
Abstract: Thermophysical properties of binary liquid mixtures comprising isopropyl benzene (cumene) paired with toluene, ethyl benzene, n-propyl benzene, mesitylene, tert-butyl benzene, and biphenyl were experimentally determined at 298.15 K and standard atmospheric pressure. The measured properties included density (ρ), viscosity (η), sound velocity (u), an...
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Research Article
An Ultraviolet-visible Spectrophotometric Approach to Establish a Method for Determining the Presence of Fluorescein Sodium Dye
Amit Anand*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
58-70
Received:
15 April 2026
Accepted:
25 April 2026
Published:
14 May 2026
Abstract: This research look over the application of adsorbent as bentonite. Bentonite, aluminum phyllosilicate clay made up of montmorillonite. Montmorillonite known for enormous water absorption and high surface area. Dyeing industries are crucial ecological hazards donating upto twenty percent of industrial water pollution. These industries discharge toxic sewer water containing heavy metals, mutagenic substances, carcinogenic amines, and non-biodegradable chemicals, affects human health and aquatic ecosystems. The contamination of water with toxic dyes poses serious threats to surrounding. Therefore it is mandatory to overcome the environmental challenges with reliable and ability of component and environmental impact. Bentonite having capability to detoxified the harmful substances. It has the dormant for sorption the pesticide endrin possibly due to a combination of hydrophobic and charge-dipole. This study examined the potential of bentonite as adsorbent techniques for treating fluorescein sodium dyes from aqueous solutions. Experiment is done on the particular concentration of 200 ppm and at fixed pH of 2, 4 6, 8 and 10. Results recorded by the systronics spectrophotometer for absorbance Vs wavelength at pH 2 and 10 for fixed interval of time, Absorbance Vs Time, and decolorisation of dye. The performance of bentonite regarding color removal was optimum when the initial pH was 10 for 15 minutes and under ideal circumstances, decolorisation was shown to be 99.97% at alkaline pH. At pH 2 and 4 constant absorbance is achieved by 99.99% for a time intervals of 15 minutes. At an acidic pH the absorbance gradually decreased with respect to time. The spectrophotometric data at a wavelength of 490 nm is 2.683 at pH 10, shows the absorbance of toxic substances. As the wavelength is gradually increased the absorbance is also increased. The response of adsorbent as bentonite for the removal of fluorescein dyes from aqueous solution as well as for healthy environment is excellent and verified.
Abstract: This research look over the application of adsorbent as bentonite. Bentonite, aluminum phyllosilicate clay made up of montmorillonite. Montmorillonite known for enormous water absorption and high surface area. Dyeing industries are crucial ecological hazards donating upto twenty percent of industrial water pollution. These industries discharge toxi...
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Research Article
Fabrication of Polymer Composites Materials Using Waste PP and Waste PET Bottles Filled with Sugarcane Bagasse Particles
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
71-78
Received:
12 May 2026
Accepted:
20 May 2026
Published:
15 June 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.mc.20261402.13
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Abstract: This study fabricated polymer composites from waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles and waste polypropylene (PP) using maleic anhydride MA to improve dispersion. The properties such as physical properties, mechanical properties and chemical properties of the polymer composites produced was identified, the physical properties shows that the density of the polymer composites was found to be 0.96g/cm3, 1.04g/cm3, 0.95g/cm3 and 1.05g/cm3 for sample Ab, Ac, Bb and Bc respectively as a result of filler dispersion, while the water absorption was found to be 5.12%,5.02%, 5.71% and 5.11% for sample Ab, Ac, Bb and Bc respectively due to the hydrophilic nature of the sugarcane bagasse particles. The mechanical properties results indicated that the inclusion of sugarcane bagasse particles produced a polymer composites with a good tensile strength of 22.93MPa, 25.47MPa, 25.07MPa, and elastic modulus of 28.80MPa, 284.96MPa, 287.04MPa, 289.96MPa and 200.79MPa for sample Ab, Ac, Bb and Bc respectively. The flexural strength of the polymer composites was found to be 37.45MPa, 39.91MPa, 41.50MPa and 49.41MPa for sample Ab, Ac, Bb and Bc respectively while the flexural modulus was found to be 760.8MPa, 804.7MPa, 847.2MPa and 956.5MPa. This was due to uniform dispersion of fine sugarcane bagasse particles and improved stress transfer at the matrix filler interfacial region promoted by maleic anhydride. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis affirmed chemical interactions between the polymer matrix and treated bagasse, with characteristic peaks corresponding to C=O stretching of PET and O–H groups of cellulose. The appearance of new peaks around 1730 cm-1 and the reduction in intensity of hydroxyl bands indicated esterification and enhanced compatibility through maleic anhydride coupling. The properties of the polymer composites produced is suitable for different application and also serves as plastic and agricultural waste management.
Abstract: This study fabricated polymer composites from waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles and waste polypropylene (PP) using maleic anhydride MA to improve dispersion. The properties such as physical properties, mechanical properties and chemical properties of the polymer composites produced was identified, the physical properties shows that the...
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